1. Life in preindustrial societies was primarily agrarian, relying on manual labor and basic tools.
在工业化之前的社会中，生活主要是农业为主，依靠人力劳动和基本工具。
2. The preindustrial era was characterized by small-scale production and a lack of modern technologies.
工业化之前的时代以小规模生产和缺乏现代技术为特征。